American Board of Surgical Assistants (ABSA) Orthopedic Practice Test

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What type of cells are responsible for bone growth in diameter?

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Chondrocytes
Fibroblasts

The correct answer is: Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts are the specific type of cells responsible for bone growth in diameter, a process known as appositional growth. They are specialized cells that synthesize and secrete the bone matrix, primarily composed of collagen, and play a crucial role in the mineralization of this matrix, allowing bones to increase in width. This process occurs primarily on the outer surface of bones, where osteoblasts lay down new bone tissue. During appositional growth, osteoblasts work in conjunction with osteoclasts, which resorb bone from the inner layer or medullary cavity, creating a balance that allows bones to grow in diameter while maintaining proper structure and strength. Understanding the role of osteoblasts is essential, as they help in processes involved in not just growth but also in repairing and remodeling bones throughout a person's life. The interaction of these bone cells is key in understanding overall bone physiology and biology.