During a total knee arthroplasty, what structures are typically replaced?

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the procedure involves the replacement of structures that are critical to the knee's function. The correct answer reflects that both the femoral component and tibial component are replaced, as these components serve to replicate the joint surfaces of the femur and tibia, restoring functionality and alleviating pain caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis.

Additionally, the patella may also be replaced to ensure smooth articulation with the femoral component, which can enhance overall knee function and reduce the risk of post-surgical complications. This comprehensive approach allows for the re-establishment of proper alignment and motion across the knee joint.

The other options do not pertain to the procedure of total knee arthroplasty. Ligaments are not typically replaced during TKA; rather, they are preserved as much as possible, and the focus is on creating stable new surfaces that allow the knee to function correctly. Replacing the radius and ulna would relate to procedures concerning the elbow rather than the knee. Finally, the femur and pelvis are not relevant in knee surgery specifically, as TKA predominantly focuses on the femur, tibia, and patella.