American Board of Surgical Assistants (ABSA) Orthopedic Practice Test

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Question: 1 / 400

Primary dislocation of the shoulder is caused by forced what?

Abduction and internal rotation

Adduction and external rotation

Abduction and external rotation

The primary dislocation of the shoulder typically occurs due to forced abduction and external rotation. In this position, the shoulder joint is at its most vulnerable, particularly when the arm is elevated above the head. The mechanism of injury involves the humerus moving away from the glenoid cavity, which can result from a fall or other impact that forces the arm into this abnormal position.

When the arm is forcibly abducted (raised away from the body) and externally rotated, the humeral head can be pushed out of its normal anatomical position within the shallow socket of the scapula (glenoid cavity). This action creates significant stress on the shoulder capsule and ligaments, increasing the risk of dislocation. Understanding this mechanism is essential for both prevention and treatment of shoulder injuries, particularly in activities involving overhead movements or collisions.

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Flexion and internal rotation

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